• A chunk is a hyper-rectangle of any shape. When a dataset is chunked, each chunk is read or written as a single I/O operation, and individually passed from stage to stage of the pipeline and filters.
• Contiguous layout is the default for fixed sized variables without compression or other filters.
• Chunking is required for any variable that uses one or more unlimited dimensions, compression or other filter.
• Chunking is set when the variable is created, and is never changed after that. To change the chunksize you have to copy the data into a new file.
• Chunking is transparent to the reader.

2011 Unidata NetCDF Workshop > Chunking and Deflating Data with NetCDF-4